As winter approaches, health experts are warning of a “triple-demic” involving rising cases of influenza, COVID-19, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The increase in these three illnesses is putting additional pressure on healthcare systems due to more patients seeking care. According to data from the 2024-25 flu season, weekly rates of laboratory-confirmed flu hospitalizations have reached their highest levels since the 2010-11 season.
Dr. George Rust, professor and co-director at the Center for Medicine and Public Health Policy and Practice at Florida State University (FSU), as well as FSU College of Medicine Medical Director, has provided commentary on this issue. Rust is recognized for his work in family medicine and public health, and he recently authored “Healing in a Changing America,” which addresses health equity.
Rust explained that the combination of these respiratory illnesses increases risks during colder months. “Many people get sick and just stay home miserable for a few days or a week, but some people get sicker,” Rust said. “Public health surveillance systems notice higher rates of emergency room visits, hospitalizations and roughly 45,000 deaths per year due to respiratory infections during this season. Even healthy people can get pneumonia from these respiratory infections. People who have chronic lung disease, cancer, heart failure or weakened immune systems are at risk for being hospitalized or dying from these diseases.”
He also emphasized that preventive measures can help reduce the impact of these illnesses. “Thankfully, we have excellent vaccines for all three conditions,” Rust added. “Because the strains of influenza circulating around the world change each year, an annual flu shot is needed and is recommended for all adults and for children over age 6 months.”
Rust further explained why winter poses greater risks: cold and dry air allows viruses to remain airborne longer and survive on surfaces; indoor heating dries out nasal passages which can weaken immune defenses; people spend more time indoors in close contact with others; holiday gatherings increase travel and social interaction which spreads germs.
Regarding prevention strategies, Rust noted that flu shots generally provide 40-60% effectiveness but highlighted that this year’s H3N2 strain was not included in vaccine formulations. Updated COVID-19 vaccines are necessary to address new variants. RSV vaccines are given once; they are recommended for everyone over age 75 as well as those aged 50-74 with weakened immune systems or certain chronic conditions.
He stressed the importance of vaccination not only for individual protection but also to protect vulnerable populations by reducing community spread. Additional precautions include disinfecting frequently touched surfaces, regular handwashing, mask-wearing by medically vulnerable individuals, avoiding contact with sick people, and staying home when ill.
Media inquiries regarding Dr. Rust’s guidance on managing the winter triple-demic can be directed to him via email at George.rust@med.fsu.edu.
